![]() Therefore, to enhance LoRaWAN capacity, the LoRa alliance released many LoRaWAN versions, and the research community provided numerous solutions to develop scalable LoRaWAN technology. Despite the high LoRa connectivity demand, LoRa signals interference and concurrent transmission collisions are major limitations. At the same time, the Adaptive Data Rate (ADR) mechanism allows EDs to dynamically alter some LoRa features such as the Spreading Factor (SF), Code Rate (CR), and carrier frequency to address the time variance of communication conditions in dense networks. The Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS) modulation deals with LoRa signals interference and ensures long-range communication. In general, LoRa radio is considered as the physical layer, whereas Long Range Wide Area Networks (LoRaWAN) is the MAC layer of the LoRa stack that adopts star topology to enable communication between multiple End Devices (EDs) and the network Gateway (GW). Despite its modest Data Rates (DRs), it provides extensive coverage for low-power devices, making it an ideal communication system for many Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Long Range (LoRa) is the most widely used technology for enabling Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs) on unlicensed frequency bands. The results show that the LoRaWAN signals are successfully received with an SNR of −21 at the 150 dB attenuation from the end nodes because of its spread-spectrum technique which allows the system to detect signals under the noise floor. In this study, the path loss is simulated using attenuation levels from 30–150 dB to ensure that the signal connectivity success rate is at a minimum elevation angle and to perform the link analysis under various conditions. An Adaptive Data Rate (ADR) is applied for the dynamic signal reception with respect to receiving signal strength. This study aims to evaluate the performance of the Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) in receiving uplink messages from ground sensor nodes at an altitude of 550 km with a maximum elevation angle of 0°. Long Range (LoRa) is one of the most practical technologies due to its low-power and long-range capabilities to be used by the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) CubeSat. ![]() One of the challenges of the Internet of Things (IoT) is to provide connectivity to devices around the globe. The sensor data was then transmitted in real time to audiences from all over the country and used to design an Internet network in space with global coverage, which is a target for further development. The work also included testing the design by setting up the Internet network for use above Thailand's territory and launching the original model satellite for the demonstration of the principle. ![]() These aspects include appropriate wireless communication and the construction of a model satellite that can be connected to the network from space. In this paper, various aspects of the design of a network setup standard are discussed. Such a network would enable satellites to be controlled through the Internet from the Earth without having their own ground stations. This study is focused on designing a high-quality wireless-in-space network to connect satellites in orbit to the Internet. These problems can be resolved by setting up an effective wireless network that can be offered as a service to satellites in orbit. This fact has caused satellite developers to establish their own wireless network with a low coverage area that does not function very well. Currently, no wireless network service is being offered in space. ![]()
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